Formulas & Calculations for Echocardiography
M-mode, 2D and Doppler echocardiographic formulas: the numbers behind the echocardiography report
February 13th, 2021
(updated April 22, 2022)
Pages 1 – 5
Table of Contents
- M-mode formulas
- 2D formulas
- Doppler, heart valves formulas
- Doppler hemodynamics
- Abbreviations
- References
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
- Table 4
- Table 5
Table 1
M-MODE | Units | Formula |
---|---|---|
LV FS | % | [(EDD-ESD) / EDD] x 100 |
LV wall thickening | % | [(PWTd – PWTs) / PWTd] x 100 (%) |
LV h/r [Reichek 1982] | [(PWTd + IVSTd) /2] / (EDD / 2) | |
LVMI | gm/m2 | (1.05 x [(EDD+PWTd+IVSTd)3 – EDD3] – 13.6) / BSA |
LV ESS (meridional) | 103 dynes / cm2 | 0.98 x (0.334 x SAP x ESD) / [PWTs x (1 + (PWTs / ESD))] – 2 |
Table 2
2D | Units | Formula |
---|---|---|
LV long / short axis ratio | Long axis / short axis | |
LV diastolic sphericity index [Lamas 1989, Kono 1991) | EDV / [(LAD3 x π) / 6] | |
LV mass (area/length) | gm | 1.05 x {[5/6 x A1 x (a+d+t)] – [5/6 x A2 x (a+d)]} |
LV mass (truncated ellipsoid) [Schiller 1989] | gm | 1.05 p {(b+t)2 x [2/3 x (a+t)+d – [d3 / 3 x (a+t)2]] – b2 x [2/3 a d – (d3 / 3 x a2)]} |
LV SV | ml | EDV – ESV |
LV CO | ml | SV x HR |
LV ejection fraction | % | [(EDV – ESV) / EDV] x 100 |
LA reservoir filling volume | ml | LA ESV – LA EDV |
RV FAC | % | [(EDA – ESA) / EDA] x 100 |