Formulas & Calculations for Echocardiography
M-mode, 2D and Doppler echocardiographic formulas: the numbers behind the echocardiography report
February 13th, 2021
(updated April 22, 2022)
Pages 1 – 5
Table of Contents
- M-mode formulas
- 2D formulas
- Doppler, heart valves formulas
- Doppler hemodynamics
- Abbreviations
- References
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
- Table 4
- Table 5
Table 1
| M-MODE | Units | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| LV FS | % | [(EDD-ESD) / EDD] x 100 |
| LV wall thickening | % | [(PWTd – PWTs) / PWTd] x 100 (%) |
| LV h/r [Reichek 1982] | (PWTd + IVSTd) / EDD | |
| LVMI | gm/m2 | (1.05 x [(EDD+PWTd+IVSTd)3 – EDD3] – 13.6) / BSA |
| LV ESS (meridional) | 103 dynes / cm2 | 0.98 x (0.334 x SAP x ESD) / [PWTs x (1 + (PWTs / ESD))] – 2 |
Table 2
| 2D | Units | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| LV long / short axis ratio | Long axis / short axis | |
| LV diastolic sphericity index [Lamas 1989, Kono 1991) | EDV / [(LAD3 x π) / 6] | |
| LV mass (area/length) | gm | 1.05 x {[5/6 x A1 x (a+d+t)] – [5/6 x A2 x (a+d)]} |
| LV mass (truncated ellipsoid) [Schiller 1989] | gm | 1.05 p {(b+t)2 x [2/3 x (a+t)+d – [d3 / 3 x (a+t)2]] – b2 x [2/3 a d – (d3 / 3 x a2)]} |
| LV SV | ml | EDV – ESV |
| LV CO | ml | SV x HR |
| LV ejection fraction | % | [(EDV – ESV) / EDV] x 100 |
| LA reservoir filling volume | ml | LA ESV – LA EDV |
| RV FAC | % | [(EDA – ESA) / EDA] x 100 |